A New Delhi-based architect has developed an innovative passive cooling system called CoolAnt that draws inspiration from the natural cooling mechanisms found in anthills. Monish Siripurapu created this sustainable building technology that uses terracotta materials to reduce indoor temperatures without relying on traditional energy-intensive air conditioning systems.
The system's design mimics how anthills naturally maintain cool temperatures through passive air circulation. In anthills, air flows through tunnels and vents, encountering moisture-laden mud that helps cool the circulating air. Hot air escapes through upper vents while cooler air remains behind, creating a natural temperature regulation system that requires no external energy source.
Since introducing actual mud into residential and commercial buildings isn't practical, Siripurapu adapted this concept using terracotta tiles and tubes. These ceramic components are arranged in matrices that function as building facades or window screens. The terracotta structures are equipped with temperature sensors connected to low-power pumps that draw water from nearby storage tanks.
When temperatures rise, the sensors trigger the pumps to drip water onto the terracotta surfaces. As heat strikes the moistened ceramic material, it causes the water to evaporate, which absorbs a significant portion of the thermal energy before it can reach building occupants. This evaporation process effectively reduces the amount of heat that penetrates into interior spaces.
The system incorporates water conservation features by collecting unevaporated water at the base of the facade installation. This collected water is then recirculated back into the system, minimizing waste and ensuring efficient resource use. The terracotta components also provide natural shading while the spaces between elements promote beneficial airflow around the building.
One of the key advantages of CoolAnt is its aesthetic flexibility, as the terracotta elements don't require specific shapes or configurations. This allows architects and designers to customize the appearance of the cooling system to match various architectural styles and building requirements. The system represents a sustainable alternative to conventional cooling methods while offering creative design possibilities for modern construction projects.
